Ignorando la especificidad cultural de su origen y la vaguedad de sus fundamentos, los derechos humanos han sido instituidos como marco en el que se deben desarrollar las relaciones entre los pueblos indígenas y las sociedades occidentales. Sin embargo, ello puede causar más problemas que beneficios en la construcción de un Estado que pretenda perseguir la justicia etnocultural. En el presente trabajo, se analizará de qué forma los derechos humanos se pueden convertir en un arma ideológica que complete la colonización (...) de los pueblos indígenas, considerando sus efectos en la práctica aymara de gestión del agua. Al mismo tiempo, se intentará dilucidar límites más justos para la expresión de la diferencia indígena, a partir de una mediación normativa de la decisión occidental. (shrink)

The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic dealt a severe blow to society as a whole and required countries to confront a situation that exceeded the limits of their borders. In this paper, we analyze how these countries as well as supranational organizations responded to this unprepared global emergency. We also explore what alternative models have been proposed in the wake of this crisis and propose some changes—other ways of acting—so that in future pandemics or global emergencies, we can deal with the situation (...) more effectively. (shrink)

Background: This research explores how public awareness and attitudes toward donation and transplantation policies may contribute to Spain's success in cadaveric organ donation. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 813 people residing in Andalusia (Southern Spain) were surveyed by telephone or via Internet between October and December 2018. Results: Most participants trust Spain's donation and transplantation system (93%) and wish to donate their organs after death (76%). Among donors, a majority have expressed their consent (59%), and few nondonors have (...) expressed their refusal (14%). Only a minority are aware of the presumed consent system in force (28%) and feel sufficiently informed regarding the requirements needed to be an organ donor (16%). Participants mainly consider that relatives should represent the deceased's preferences and be consulted when the deceased's wishes are unknown, as is the case in Spain. Conclusion: Public trust in the transplant system may contribute to Spain's high performance in organ donation. High levels of societal support toward organ donation and transplantation do not correspond with similar levels of public awareness of donation and transplantation policies in Spain. (shrink)

Background:The high level of satisfaction of users of a health service is largely due to the fact that they receive excellent care from healthcare professionals. Compassionate care is an essential...

Fundado en un vasto conocimiento de la historia y cultura occidentales, Cristóbal Holzapfel describe el guión de acuerdo al cual se presentan las diferentes concepciones acerca de lo humano que rigen en la conformación de cada época.

Fundado en un vasto conocimiento de la historia y cultura occidentales, Cristóbal Holzapfel describe el guión de acuerdo al cual se presentan las diferentes concepciones acerca de lo humano que rigen en la conformación de cada época.

Se responde, desde la dogmática de la Corte Constitucional colombiana, aduciendo los “criterios de identificación” normativa de los derechos fundamentales centrados en i) su relación de funcionalidad con el logro del contenido normativo de la dignidad humana, ii) su traducción como derechos subjetivos, iii) los “consensos dogmáticos, jurisprudenciales o de derecho internacional, legal y reglamentario sobre su fundamentalidad” y, iv) su exigibilidad -más que su propia justiciabilidad-, como presupuestos jurídicos, reconocimiento y aplicación pragmática constitucional en la esfera de vida de (...) la persona humana y la comunidad política, basados, también, en los pilares conceptuales del llamado Constitucionalismo Humanista. (shrink)

The status of scientific knowledge in political liberalism is controversial. Although Rawls argued that the noncontroversial methods and conclusions of science belong to the kind of reasons that citizens can legitimately call forth in public deliberation, critics have observed that the complexity and elaborateness of scientific arguments drive them away from the spirit of public reason, i.e., that which should reflect judgments that are the product of general beliefs and forms of reasoning found in common sense. In other words, scientific (...) claims remain as inaccessible as esoteric or religious reasons. This paper contends that this objection can be met by introducing a crucial assumption, drawn from W. V. O. Quine and the ‘naturalized epistemology’ tradition: that scientific reasoning and everyday reasoning are not two different epistemic categories but rather form a continuum. The former is just a filtered or refined version of the latter. Accordingly, evidence-based scientific reasoning is common to all citizens, regardless of their actual acceptance of specific scientific claims. Following the Quinean Assumption, political liberals may argue that, unlike religious or esoteric sources of knowledge, scientific reasoning is the expression of a cognitive operation that is fundamentally shared across comprehensive doctrines and politically reasonable individuals. (shrink)

John Rawls shows a deep influence of David Hume’s thought, mainly at his Theory of Justice, though also at the rest of his works. This influence is well-known in the field of political philosophy, much less in the field of moral philosophy. Rawls reads Hume’s thought with a sceptic and naturalistic key, attributing him what he calls a “nature fideism”. Besides this, attributes to Hume an ethical and political position linked with the classical utilitarianism. Nevertheless, his skeptical epistemology will move (...) away, paradoxically, to Hume from the utilitarian positions. Hume’s ethics and politics will finish, according to Rawls, showing a purely descriptive character and a lack of normative purposes. Hume does not have in the strict sense a theory of practical reason. This article examines and puts in question this interpretation of Hume proposed by John Rawls. The philosophy of Hume is not aporetically skeptical, articulates the moral roles of reason and the passions; and finally, is not only connected with utilitarianism; his defense of the role of utility frees to his theory of some of the main contradictions of classical utilitarianism. Besides this, the theory of the “judicious spectator” can be considered a form of a theory of practical rationality. (shrink)

El modelo de desarrollo sustentable ha motivado la generación de una importante producción científica en distintos ámbitos. Tal ha sido el caso de la psicología que se ha propuesto comprender el papel de los factores conductuales y mentales implicados en la relación del hombre con la naturaleza. Si bien el emergente campo de la psicología ambiental se ha planteado objetivos pertinentes para el fomento de conductas sustentables, ésta ha operado desde modelos epistemológicos que tienden a mantener elementos de la cosmovisión (...) moderna relacionada con el deterioro ambiental. Se proponen las aproximaciones narrativas de la psicología como una alternativa capaz de subvertir el orden epistemológico. (shrink)

El presente trabajo propone determinadas aproximaciones iusfilosóficas al discurso jurídico, a partir de los estudios realizados por Walter Benjamin sobre Franz Kafka. La investigación se realiza con las herramientas metodológicas que aportan las “teorías críticas del derecho” y los marcos teóricos que indagan la relación “derecho-literatura”. Los textos, discusiones y apuntes realizados por el pensador alemán permiten movilizar un análisis de determinados tópicos y categorías pertenecientes al espacio jurídico. Las investigaciones que realiza en torno a la figura de Kafka ofrecen (...) insumos para indagar la formación, despliegue y conservación del derecho. Desde la obra kafkiana, Benjamin visibiliza y desarticula los conceptos nodales de justicia, ley, poder y violencia, lo que permite dar cuenta de los mecanismos y dispositivos que hacen posible el sustento mitológico del derecho. (shrink)

As a comparative politics scholar, it is more than a challenge to read and comment on the work of political theorists. The reason for this lies in the fact that comparative politics and political t...

A cross-cultural analysis of trust and cooperation networks in Northern Ghana (NGHA) and Oaxaca (OAX) was carried out by means of ego networks and interviews. These regions were chosen because both are inhabited by several ethnic groups, thus providing a good opportunity to test the cultural group selection hypothesis. Against the predictions of this approach, we found that in both regions cooperation is grounded in personal trust groups, and that social cohesion depends on these emotional bonds. Moreover, in agreement with (...) Fiske's notion of “evolved proclivities”, we also found two distinct kinds of trust networks, one for each region, which vary in terms of the degree of ethnic interrelation. This pattern suggests that social cohesion increases when environmental resources are scarce. (shrink)

Esta investigación, realizada con 62 estudiantes del grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Granada, se centra en un proyecto de contrapublicidad en el que se aúna el análisis y el sentido crítico con la capacidad creativa y expresiva, a través de la reinterpretación de campañas de publicidad infantil. Tanto los registros de observación participante, como el análisis de las imágenes, permiten afirmar que la publicidad es un marco de trabajo idóneo en el espacio interdisciplinar de Educación Artística y (...) Mediática, evidenciando preocupaciones de los futuros docentes, como la salud, la igualdad de género o la educación en valores. (shrink)

There have been persistent philosophical efforts to demarcate the province of science. Fewer attempts have been made to explore whether these demarcation strategies are consistent with the liberal promise of religious neutrality. Within this framework, most liberal political theorists seem to agree that hypotheses suggesting supernatural agency should remain outside the purview of science by principle. In their view, this rule of methodological naturalism is neutral in the relevant sense, since it is silent towards ultimate questions. This paper examines whether (...) this is so, especially when discussing the content of the science curriculum in public education. In this context, advocates of the status of Intelligent Design creationism as a scientific theory argue that MN arbitrarily dismisses a type of supernatural agency that is fundamental to several branches of theistic belief. Drawing on Thomas Nagel’s position, the paper contends that MN assumes a meta-scientific position to which either god does not exist, or god does not intervene in cosmic history. To that extend, MN cannot be reconciled with LPRN. However, this conclusion does not entail that hypotheses that suggest supernatural agency must be included in the science curriculum. Creationist theories may remain excluded to the extent that they fall short of the standards that are required for a proficient scientific account. But, crucially, it will not be their religious character what keeps them out of the classroom, but a series of pseudoscientific wrongs which are non-exclusive to supernaturalistic hypotheses. The paper thus suggests the exploration of an alternative demarcation strategy, one that is consistent with LPRN. (shrink)

Los tópicos sobre salud oral en los programas académicos de las carreras de ciencias de la salud son insuficientes. El propósito de este trabajo fue Identificar los tópicos sobre salud oral en los programas académicos de las carreras de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad del Alba. Se realizó un estudio transversal-observacional de los programas académicos de las carreras de ciencias de salud que imparte la Universidad del Alba. Los tópicos sobre salud oral en los programas académicos de las (...) carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud basados en competencia son escasos. (shrink)

This text has already been published in Time & Society, 2016, Vol. 25, pp. 613-633. We thank Gonzalo Iparraguirre for the permission to republish it here.: This article presents the introduction and the update of an ethnographic research on temporality among indigenous groups, published in 2011 in its full version as a book in Spanish. It seeks to prove the usefulness of the conceptual distinction between time, defined as the phenomenon of becoming in itself, and - Anthropologie – Nouvel (...) article. (shrink)

In this paper we will reconstruct a hypothesis on love in Gilles Deleuze's philosophy. We notice that, at different moments of his philosophical itinerary, the topic of love is the object of a complex treatment, which moves from the discovery of the expression of worlds that the other involves, and which gradually detach themselves from that other, towards a progressive liberation of dehumanized elements that open up in a transformed sexuality. We will try to show that this experimental exercise reveals (...) a surface, defined by the decomposition of the self and where the passage through a world without others will allow us to discover a plane of liberated elements, open to connections that will allow us other ways of understanding the phenomenon of love. (shrink)

El artículo revisita la discusión entre Augusto Salazar Bondy y Leopoldo Zea hacia fines de la década de 1960 sobre la filosofía latinoamericana, con el objetivo de mostrar que la misma es el lugar de un diferendo: de pugna entre posiciones y representaciones disímiles, en algunos casos irreconciliables. Como se propone, lo que está en disputa en tal controversia, es el significado de la filosofía y de lo filosófico, en contextos de enunciación como América Latina. Para ello, se recorren diversos (...) núcleos conceptuales de la disputa, mostrándola como una discusión filosófica aún vigente. (shrink)

This paper tries to propose a reading focused mainly on some of Foucault’s late works, developed since the first volume of his Histoire de la sexualité, from 1976. The aim of our reading tends to note that the distance between Foucault and Deleuze, even marked in an explicit rupture after the publication of that book, is not so much due to Foucault's “fascination” with power, or to his peremptory challenge of desire and its leakage power, or its supposed abandonment of (...) the detailed analysis of dispositifs. According to our reading, the distance taken by Deleuze will account, in this impasse, for the possibility of a resistance that is not exerted on dispositifs and power formations, and that projects the problem of power towards differents ways of life, according to a logic of modulation of life, very similar to that outlined by Foucault in his later years, and creating a singular consonance between both projects of thought. (shrink)

Se propone una lectura de la interpretación que Heidegger hace del problema de la auto-afección en la primera Crítica kantiana. Si el tiempo y el yo pienso se unifican es gracias a la idea del tiempo como auto-afección pura que permite captar el movimiento de formación del sí-mismo sin subordinarlo a un enlace extratemporal. Intentaremos mostrar que esta comprensión considera el tiempo como un movimiento autorreferencial que no obstante hace necesario un retiro y una demora de sí para liberar lo (...) que viene. Para hacer posible un encuentro con otro, dicha estructura autoafectiva debe darse el tiempo que impide la clausura autárquica de sí mismo. (shrink)

Resumen: El artículo reflexiona sobre la especificación del juicio “conforme al derecho” como juicio justo por criterios legales y morales. La evolución de la filosofía jurídica desde la tesis de que el juicio justo del juez debe fundarse solamente en fuentes legales hacia la constatación de que tal juicio no es posible exige que la teoría analítica del derecho, la filosofía jurídica hermenéutica y la teoría del derecho natural se complementen para evitar el irracionalismo nihilista.

The fact that boundaries are ontologically dependent entities is agreed by Franz Brentano and Roderick Chisholm. This article studies both authors as a single metaphysical account about boundaries. The Brentano-Chisholm theory understands that boundaries and the objects to which they belong hold a mutual relationship of ontological dependence: the existence of a boundary depends upon a continuum of higher spatial dimensionality, but also is a conditio sine qua non for the existence of a continuum. Although the view that ordinary material (...) objects and their boundaries (or surfaces) ontologically depend on each other is correct, it does not grasp their asymmetric relationship: while the existence of a surface rigidly depends upon the existence of the very object it belongs to, the existence of a physical object generically depends upon having some surface. In modal terms, both are two kinds of de re ontological dependence that this article tries to distinguish. (shrink)

In this study, we propose considering membership in the Ethics Officer Association (EOA) as a proxy for the firm's commitment to ethical decision making, and we analyze the influence of firm- and CEO-specific characteristics on this commitment. While we observe a positive relationship between membership and firm size, we also document a negative relationship between EOA membership and the executive's time in position and, to a more modest extent, accounting returns. Pursuing this further, we present evidence that firms with past (...) legal issues may seek EOA membership as a signal of their intention to be compliant in the future. (shrink)

In this study, we propose considering membership in the Ethics Officer Association (EOA) as a proxy for the firm's commitment to ethical decision making, and we analyze the influence of firm- and CEO-specific characteristics on this commitment. While we observe a positive relationship between membership and firm size, we also document a negative relationship between EOA membership and the executive's time in position and, to a more modest extent, accounting returns. Pursuing this further, we present evidence that firms with past (...) legal issues may seek EOA membership as a signal of their intention to be compliant in the future. (shrink)

Cet article passe en revue les principaux points à retenir des travaux de Gilles Fauconnier, en particulier de son travail collaboratif avec Mark Turner sur la théorie du _blending_, pour les lecteurs qui ne sont pas familiers avec ce cadre théorique ou qui pourraient bénéficier d'un regard extérieur. Je souligne les leçons globales à tirer des notions d'espaces mentaux et de leurs connexions ou _mappings_, les avantages d'utiliser de petits packages au lieu de grands domaines pour analyser l’activité conceptuelle, comment (...) les réseaux d'intégration (_blending networks_) nous permettent d'aller au-delà de simples projections ou correspondances entre domaines de l'expérience, ainsi que la nécessité d'étudier des modèles qui fournissent un pont entre les principes généraux et les exemples riches et contextualisés qui les exposent. Je cherche avant tout à transmettre le message de Gilles Fauconnier sur la fascination, la curiosité, l'ambition et l'humilité requises par l'entreprise scientifiq... (shrink)

Deleuze’s philosophy is permeated with the problem of the continuum. The idea that the coexistence of durations is implied in the concept of duration itself allows Deleuze to offer a fresh perspective on multiplicity, which is distinct from Bergson’s approach, and which proposes new perspectives on the continuum. While Deleuze critiques Leibniz’s view on this concept by highlighting the non-uniform nature of the continuum, the infinitesimal still plays a significant role in his analysis. However, in his late reading of Leibniz, (...) Deleuze emphasises that folds, rather than infinitesimals, should be considered as the smallest components of the continuum’s labyrinth. This implies that there is a union of indiscernible cuts in the continuity, cuts that do not create gaps or breaks in the overall coherence, but rather a labyrinth. I will show how, in exploring this problem, Deleuze and Guattari draw inspiration from Kafka, in order to relate continuity to contiguity. This relation reveals an internal difference that defines the distinction between what is continuous and what is contiguous. This, in our view, marks a considerable shift between Deleuze’s early reading of Bergson and his late reading of Leibniz, and it allows Deleuze to further develop his idea of the continuum. (shrink)